Xth Piarc International Winter Road Congress 16 19 March In Lulea Sweden Volume 2

The 10th PIARC International Winter Road Congress was held 16-19 March in Lulea, Sweden. The congress proceedings are in three volumes. Volume one contains the papers presented in French, volume three contains papers on the topics of Special Winter Road Problems in Urban Areas; Maintenance Information and Other Support Systems for Winter Road Management; and Interaction Between People, Roads, and Vehicles. Volume two contains the following papers on the topic of Ice and Snow Control Methods (Topic 2): Training Staff for Winter Service - The Salles Training Centre (Pigeon, M); Partnering Model for Public-Private Partnerships - A Concept Maintenance Vehicle (Smithson, LD); Federal Highway Administration Involvement in Anti-Icing and Other Snow and Ice Technologies (Chollar, B and Nassif, SF); Technological Innovations Supporting Winter Maintenance in Quebec (Deschãenes, D); Test and Evaluation of Alternative Deicing Methods and Materials in Sweden (Ihs, A); Effectivity and Economy of De-icing Spraying Systems (Moritz, K); The Buthier Viaduct, A Different Appproach to Road Network Maintenance in Winter (Christillin, M, Ardemagni, C, and Trombella, G); Equipment for Removal of Snow and Slush (Andersen, O); An Approach to Cost Analysis and Priorization of Snow Drift Treatments on Public Highways (Perchanok, MS); Permissible Thickness of Snow Layer on Roads and New Snow Fence Constructions (Vassiley, A); Avalanche Study and Modeling: Application to Road Protection (Naaim, M and Cligniez, V); Assessing the Risks of Using De-Icing Salts on Groundwater (Brod, HG); Solar Energy for Ice Control (Schlup, U and Schatzmann, J); Development of Highway Snow Melting Technology Using Natural Energy (Tanno, H, Tezuka, N, and Kobayashi, N); Qualification of Salt Spreaders for Winter Duty (Valeux, JC); Snow Drifting Acoustic Detector (Font, D, Naaim-Bouvet, F, Roussel, M and Jeymond, J); Living Snow Fences (Naaim-Bouvet, F and Mullenbach, P); To Salt? Not to Salt? That is the Question? (Queyrel, G); Road Practicability in the Great Saint Bernhard Tunnel in Winter (Charbonnier, P and Râeal, C); Developing a System and Equipmemnt for Efficient Snow Removal (Inaba, Y, Nishigaya, T, and Kadouchi, M); Implantation of a Steady Plant for Autmatically Spraying Chemical De-Icer on the Lausanne Bypass (Zambelli, M); Factors Regulating the Air-Born Spreading of Pollutants from Roads (Blomqvist, G and Johansson, EL); New Experiences with the Use of Abrasives in Germany (Hanke, H); Field Comparison of Snow Plow Cutting Edges (Nixon, WA and Wei, YC); Automated Bridge Deicers for Increased Safety and Decreased Salt USe in Minnisota (Keranan, PF); Impact of Road De-Icers on Groundwaters Located in the Walloon Region (Frankart, L, Staquet, F, Defourny, C, Diericx, R, Vandevenne, L and Pirard, F); Melt Vlume and Ice Penetration Study of Magnesium Chloride and Calcium Chloride Deicers (McElroy, DA and Cooper, G); Effect of Deicing Chemicals on Turfgrass (Minner, DD, Bingaman, BR); Experimental Structures to Prevent Icing (Eerola, M); Personnel Training - Winter Activities (Dahlen, J); Prevent Snow Accumulation on Road Pavements (Saarelainen, S and Kivikoski, H); Winter Maintenance - New Cutting Edge for Snowploughs and Graders (Ingulstad, A); Developing and AI Based Expert System to Control an Underbody Snow Plow (Nixon, WA, Novotny, C, and Kreuger, A); The Lead States Program: Leading the Way with Cutting-Edge Technology (Shaffer, D); Heating Plant for the Roadway of the Aosta est Toll Plaza (Christillan, M and Arditi, R); Anti-icing Filler for Asphalt Concrete Mixes (Grinevitch, SV and Lysenko, VE); Conception, Design, and Fabrication of an All Composite Snowplough for Highways (Bâelager, G).